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Bukti: \begin{align*} E(X)&= \sum_{x=k}^\infty xf(x) \\ &= \sum_{x=k}^\infty x \frac {(x-1)!}{(k-1)!(x-k)!}p^k \left( 1-p\right)^{x-k}\\ &= \sum_{x=k}^\infty \frac{kx!}{k!(x-k)!} \frac {p^{k+1}}{p}(1-p)^{x-k}\\ &= \frac {k}{p} \sum_{x=k}^\infty \frac{x!}{k!(x-k)!} p^{k+1} (1-p)^{x-k}\\ &= \frac {k}{p} \end{align*}
Bukti: \begin{align*} Var(X)&=E\left (\left[X-E(X)\right]^2\right )\\ &=E(X^2)-\left [E(X) \right ]^2 \end{align*} Untuk menyelesaikannya, tentukan bab yang belum diketahui terlebih dahulu, yaitu \( E(X^2).\) \begin{align*} E(X^2) &= E(X^2)+E(X)-E(X)\\ &= E(X^2+X)-E(X)\\ &= E\left (X(X+1)\right )-E(X) \end{align*} Selesaikan bab \( E\left ( X(X+1) \right ).\) \begin{align*} E(X(X+1)) &= \sum_{x=k}^\infty x(x+1)f(x)\\ &= \sum_{x=k}^\infty x(x+1) \frac {(x-1)!}{(k-1)!(x-k)!}p^k \left( 1-p\right)^{x-k}\\ &= \sum_{x=k}^\infty \frac {k(k+1)(x+1)!}{(k+1)!(x-k)!} \frac {p^{k+2}}{p^2} \left(1-p\right)^{x-k}\\ &= \frac {k(k+1)}{p^2} \sum_{x=k}^\infty \frac {(x+1)!}{(k+1)!(x-k)!} p^{k+2} \left(1-p\right)^{x-k}\\ &= \frac {k(k+1)}{p^2}\end{align*} Selanjutnya, \begin{align*} E(X^2) &= \frac {k(k+1)}{p^2} - \frac {k}{p}\\ &= \frac {k^2+k-kp}{p^2} \end{align*} Dengan demikian, \begin{align*} Var(X) &= \frac {k^2+k-kp}{p^2} - \left (\frac {k}{p} \right )^2\\ &= \frac {k(1-p)}{p^2} \end{align*}
Bukti: \begin{align*} M_x(t) &= E(e^{tX}\\ &= \sum_{x=k}^\infty e^{tX} \frac {(x-1)!}{(k-1)!(x-k)!}p^k \left( 1-p \right )^{x-k}\\ &= \sum_{x=k}^\infty \frac {(x-1)!}{(k-1)!(x-k)!} \left ( pe^t \right )^k \left ( (1-p)e^t \right )^{x-k}\\ &= \left ( \frac {pe^t}{1-(1-p)e^t} \right )^k \sum_{x=k}^\infty \frac {(x-1)!}{(k-1)!(x-k)!} \left ( (1-p)e^t \right )^{x-k} \left ( 1-(1-p)e^t \right )^k\\ &= \left ( \frac {pe^t}{1-(1-p)e^t} \right )^k \end{align*}
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